4.7- energy efficiency

- only 10% of energy is transferred to the primary consumer from the 100% energy producer
- only 1% of that makes it to the secondary consumer
- for example, there is 100kj of the producer, only 10kj come to the primary consumer
- energy is lost by the primary consumer through respiration and undigested material
- secondary consumers could only have 1kj - this is through respiration and much more undigested material of the animal that the secondary consumers eat
- all of these will eventually die and become decomposed